Hierarchical OSPF
 
 
- Two-level hierarchy: local area, backbone.
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- Link-state advertisements only in area 
- each nodes has detailed area topology; only know direction (shortest path) to nets in other areas.
 
- Area border routers: “summarize” distances  to nets in own area, advertise to other Area Border routers.
- Backbone routers: run OSPF routing limited to backbone.
- Boundary routers: connect to other ASs.