Why is TCP fair?

Two competing sessions:

• Additive increase gives slope of 1, as throughout increases

• multiplicative decrease decreases throughput proportionally

R

R

equal bandwidth share

Connection 1 throughput

Connection 2 throughput

congestion avoidance: additive increase

loss: decrease window by factor of 2

congestion avoidance: additive increase

loss: decrease window by factor of 2

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