A standard deck consists of 52 unique cards. Each card has a "rank" and a "suit". There are 4 different suits (rows in the table below), and 13 different ranks (columns in the table below).
The suits have names: the top row are the "clubs", the second row are the "hearts", the third row are the "spades" and the bottom row are the "diamonds".
Note that each row consists of 13 cards, and all of the rows pretty much look the same (other than being distinct suits). The ranks of the cards in each row (from left to right) are: Ace, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, jack, queen, king.
Most people refer to a particular card by name, specifying the rank first, then the suit. For example, I would call the card below the "Jack of Diamonds":
The card below would be called the "Four of Clubs":
