public class Student {
	//Instance Fields
	private String name; //a reference to a String
	private StringBuffer nickname; //a reference to a StringBuffer
	public String uid; //a reference to a String
	//NOTE: We made this public to demonstrate why that's not considered good style.
	private float semesterScore; //a primitive


	//Static Fields - these need to be initialized here
	private static int currentCount = 0; 
	private static int overallCount = 0; 

	private static final String DEFAULT_NICKNAME = "NoNick";
	private static final int DEFAULT_UID = 0;



	//Constructors
	public Student(String nameIn, String nickIn, int uidIn) {
		setName(nameIn);
		setNickname(nickIn);
		setUID(uidIn);
		setScore(0.0F);

		currentCount++;
		overallCount++;
	}

	public Student(String nameIn, int identIn) {
		this(nameIn, DEFAULT_NICKNAME, identIn); 
	}


	public Student(String nameIn) {
		this(nameIn, DEFAULT_NICKNAME, DEFAULT_UID); 
	}
	
	public Student() {
		this("Anonymous"+currentCount, DEFAULT_NICKNAME, DEFAULT_UID); 
	}

	//Copy Constructor
	public Student(Student existingStudent) {
		this(
				existingStudent.getName(), 
				existingStudent.getNickname(), 
				existingStudent.getUID()
		);
		setScore(existingStudent.getScore());
	}

	//So-called "destructor" but not like in other languages
	protected void finalize() throws Throwable
	{
		//NOTE: This is only called if/when garbage collection takes place
		//      to clean up no longer used memory.
		currentCount--;
		super.finalize(); //We'll talk more about this line later...
	} 






	//Getters and Setters
	public void setName(String nameIn){
		name = nameIn;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setNickname(String nickIn) {
		nickname = new StringBuffer(nickIn);
	}
	public String getNickname() {
		return nickname.toString();
	}
	public void appendNickname(String suffix) {
		nickname.append(suffix);
	}

	public void setUID(int uidIn){
		uid = convertIntToString(uidIn);
	}
	public int getUID() {
		return convertUIDToInt(uid);
	}
	
	public void setScore(float scoreIn) {
		semesterScore = scoreIn;
	}
	public float getScore() {
		return semesterScore;
	}


	//Static Helper Methods that don't use any class data
	private static String convertIntToString(int inVal) {
		String retval;

		if ((inVal > 0) && (inVal < 1000000000)) {
			String convertedNumber = Integer.toString(inVal);
			int leadingZeroCount = 9 - convertedNumber.length();
			String leadingZeroHolder = "";
			for (int i=0; i<leadingZeroCount; i++) {
				leadingZeroHolder += "0";
			}
			String tempUID = leadingZeroHolder+convertedNumber;
			retval = 
					tempUID.substring(0,3)+"-"+
					tempUID.substring(3,5)+"-"+
					tempUID.substring(5,9);
		}
		else {
			retval = "000-00-0000";
		}

		return retval;
	}

	private static int convertUIDToInt(String inVal) {
		String justDigits = inVal.substring(0,3)+inVal.substring(4,6)+inVal.substring(7,11);
		return Integer.parseInt(justDigits);
	}


	
	//Static Methods
	public static int howManyNow() {
		return currentCount;
	}

	public static int howManyEver() {
		return overallCount;
	}

	
	
	


	//"Java-Expected" Instance Methods
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		  return 
				    "Name: " + getName() +
				    "(" + getNickname() + ")" +
				    ", ID: " + uid + 
				    " [" + getScore() + "]";
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object otherObject) {
		if (otherObject == null) {
			return false;
		}
		if (otherObject.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
			return false;
		}
		
		Student otherStudent = (Student)otherObject;

		//Uncomment the next line to "see" when this gets called.
		//System.out.println("I am checking Student equals.");
		
		return ( 
				name.equals(otherStudent.name) &&
				nickname.toString().equals(otherStudent.nickname.toString()) &&
				uid.equals(otherStudent.uid) &&
				(semesterScore==otherStudent.semesterScore)
		);
	}
	
	//Common for data type items to be able to have an order to them
	public int compareTo(Student otherStudent) {
		return (name.compareTo(otherStudent.name));
	}




}

//Copyright 2010-2016 : Evan Golub