Computer organization

Levels of abstraction

Assembler Simulator

Applications

C

C++

Java

High-level language

SOFTWARE

add

lw

ori

Assembly language

Goal

0000 0001 0000 1001 0101

Machine instructions/Data

HARDWARE

CPU  Memory  I/O

Functional units

CMSC311

Multiplexor  Decoder  Adder

Components

Combinational

Sequential

Circuits

You are here

AND

OR

XOR

Gates

Transistors  Wires

Electronics

Electrons

Atomic units