Computer organization

Levels of abstraction

Editor  Browser  Compiler

Applications

C

C++

Java

High-level language

SOFTWARE

add

load

store

Assembler

0000 0001 0000 1001 0101

Machine instructions

HARDWARE

CPU  Memory  I/O

Functional units

Multiplexor  Decoder  Adder

Components

Combinational

Sequential

Circuits

AND

OR

XOR

Gates

Transistors  Wires

Electronics