Slide 4 of 19
   Notes:  
 
individuals file are laid out sequentially - but not together
metadata - attribute/data/directory entry are separate
5 I/O’s to create a file: 
    2 access to file attributes
    1 access to directory data
    1 access to directory attribute
   < 5% of disk BW utilized in FFS
synchronous writes are bad:
   performance becomes disk-bound (waiting for disk to finish)
   How about “buffered writes on disk”?
   Lots of small writes - overhead dominates (SCSI/bus/filesystem/disk/etc)